QUALITIES OF A LEADER

Leadership has been described as "a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task" , although there are alternative definitions of leadership. For example, some understand a leader simply as somebody whom people follow, or as somebody who guides or directs others, while others define leadership as "organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal"

Leadership can be perceived as a particularly emotion-laden process, with emotions entwined with the social influence process. In an organization, the leader's mood has some effects on his/her group. These effects can be described in three levels:

· The mood of individual group members. Group members with leaders in a positive mood experience more positive mood than do group members with leaders in a negative mood.

· The affective tone of the group. Group affective tone represents the consistent or homogeneous affective reactions within a group. Group affective tone is an aggregate of the moods of the individual members of the group and refers to mood at the group level of analysis.

· Group processes like coordination, effort expenditure, and task strategy. Public expressions of mood impact how group members think and act. When people experience and express mood, they send signals to others.

A leadership style is a leader's style of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. It is the result of the philosophy, personality, and experience of the leader. Different situations call for different leadership styles. In an emergency when there is little time to converge on an agreement and where a designated authority has significantly more experience or expertise than the rest of the team, an autocratic leadership style may be most effective; however, in a highly motivated and aligned team with a homogeneous level of expertise, a more democratic or laissez-faire style may be more effective. The style adopted should be the one that most effectively achieves the objectives of the group while balancing the interests of its individual members.

What Makes You A Good Leader ??

Honesty :- Whatever ethical plane you hold yourself to, when you are responsible for a team of people, its important to raise the bar even higher. Your business and its employees are a reflection of yourself, and if you make honest and ethical behavior a key value, your team will follow suit.

Ability To Delegate :- Finessing your brand vision is essential to creating an organized and efficient business, but if you don’t learn to trust your team with that vision, you might never progress to the next stage. Its important to remember that trusting your team with your idea is a sign of strength, not weakness. Delegating tasks to the appropriate departments is one of the most important skills you can develop as your business grows.

Communication :- Knowing what you want accomplished may seem clear in your head, but if you try to explain it to someone else and are met with a blank expression, you know there is a problem. If this has been your experience, then you may want to focus on honing your communication skills. Being able to clearly and succinctly describe what you want done is extremely important. If you can’t relate your vision to your team, you won’t all be working towards the same goal.

Sense Of Humour At Times :- If you are constantly learning to find the humor in the struggles, your work environment will become a happy and healthy space, where your employees look forward to working in, rather than dreading it. 

Confidence :- Keep up your confidence level, and assure everyone that setbacks are natural and the important thing is to focus on the larger goal. As the leader, by staying calm and confident, you will help keep the team feeling the same. 

Commitment :- By proving your commitment to the brand and your role, you will not only earn the respect of your team, but will also instill that same hardworking energy among your staff. 

Positive Attitude ;- You want to keep your team motivated towards the continued success of the company, and keep the energy levels up. Whether that means providing snacks, coffee, relationship advice, or even just an occasional beer in the office, remember that everyone on your team is a person.

Creativity :- Some decisions will not always be so clear-cut. You may be forced at times to deviate from your set course and make an on the fly decision. This is where your creativity will prove to be vital.

 Inspiring Skills :- Creating a business often involves a bit of forecasting. Especially in the beginning stages of a startup, inspiring your team to see the vision of the successes to come is vital. Make your team feel invested in the accomplishments of the company.

B.Tech 

Himanshu Bajetha(A2305412274)

B.Tech.+M.Tech

Zafiur Rahman (01)

M.B. Srivathsa (07)

Shivam Singh (14)

B.Tech.+MBA

Gaurav Bhardwaj (03)

Justifying The Money Spent on Ajmal Kasab

In all candidness, I find people's angst at the amount spent on Kasab extremely immature. I think it is thoroughly justified.

Mark Twain once said – “Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect.”

So, reflect - we will!

At the outset, the money wasn't spent on Kasab, but on his trial. That is an important distinction to make. I do not know where these rumours originate about Kasab being given roasted chicken every day. But it is easy to imagine whereof, given the vein in which people have been thinking about this issue. "Faaack, 29.5 crores were spent on this terrorist? What, was he given roasted chicken every day? And an AC room? And LCD TV? What ya. The government won't give electricity, but it will give butter chicken to this hopeless fellow."

Hogwash! Kasab is (was) no bada aadmi. By passing underhand favours to him in prison (like we hear is done to politicians in prison) nobody is to gain. Kasab wields no power, gets no votes. And gives the jailor infamy for treating him well.

So again. The money was spent on his trial. And on allied aspects, like security. And public prosecutor fees. And intelligence gathering.

Now that we've repeated this, let's discuss why the trial was important.

Primitively speaking, executing him without a trial blurs the line between the Republic of India and the barbaric non-state actors we're fighting against. If this isn't enough reason, let us move on to more involved reasons for having a thorough trial.

Having a thorough trial puts Pakistan firmly in the dock. Remember, this trial and its propriety, thoroughness and civility changed Pakistan's stance. From "We-don't-know-what-you're-talking-about" and "Kasab isn't from our country", over a span of a year they went to "Ok fine, he is Pakistani". We project ourselves as a mature victim of cross-border terrorism, and help Pakistan look like two-faced terrorist-harboring sons-of-bitches. This is an important victory for India.

Summary execution would have done just the opposite. If Kasab was hanged the next day of his capture, in an open square, with his body left for vultures to peck on, no sir, it wouldn't have sent any 'strong signal to terrorists about what India does to people who attack it'. It would have Pakistan laughing its way through its denials and skulduggery which it has mastered. And Pakistan hanging Sarabjit Singh. And so many more Gujarati fishermen, who sit on the death row in Pakistan. LeT would have used it as propaganda to generate more Kasabs. India would have lost the high-ground in the international forum, with no evidence that these terrorists and their handlers were from Pakistan. And not-even-a-trial-to-speak-of, just barbaric mob justice. Conspiracy theories would have abounded. Rumors could have surfaced that this was actually a Maoist attack on rich people in the city and in five-star hotels. Counter-rumours would have surfaced that these rumors were originating from Pakistan and were being fueled by the ISI. 

The US can afford to hang Saddam after a mockery of a trial, India cannot.

The propriety and thoroughness with which India conducted the trial makes us look very very mature. It gives us empathy. Empathy of countries like France, Germany, Australia and others who do not care about terrorism the way US does, but usually strongly empathize with the cause of just and democratic nations. And given that India cannot march on into Pakistan and solve this with military might, this empathy is important. And spending on this diplomacy is far cheaper than a war anyway.

This was a small peek into why a trial was important. I do not claim to know all the pros. But if a trial was thus necessary, we wouldn't want LeT to attempt another attack and a rescue Kasab from his prison, would we. Or a Shiv Sena mob reaching his cell and hacking him to death. Hence the justification of the cost of security.

The bar council passed a resolution that none of its lawyers would defend Kasab. A Defence Counsel was to be found. Hence the delay. The counsel took Kasab through multiple appeals. Hence further delay. The prosecution wanted more time with Kasab to gather intelligence. Some of it involved co-operation, or at least correspondence, with Pakistan. More delay. 

So. The money was not spent on Kasab. It was spent on yours and my safety. At the end of four years, after exhausting all mechanisms any civilization today could have produced, Kasab was hanged. It speaks of India's coming of age. And not the banana republic we would have seemed to be if we had let him hang to the music of cheering mobs a day after his capture. There's no honour in that. 

“An eye for an eye will only make the whole world blind.” – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Trivia: Kasab’s is the second quickest ‘trial-to-execution’ case in India!


Rohan Sinha - A2305412307
Nitesh Dixit - A2305412298
Aayush Yadav - A2305412288
Chhayank Sharma - A2305412285
Dhruv Nangia - A2305412276

Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer's email to company employees on acquisition of Nokia's phone business

Microsoft and Nokia Tuesday announced that the Boards of Directors for both companies have decided to enter into a transaction whereby Microsoft will purchase substantially all of Nokia's Devices & Services business, license Nokia's patents, and license and use Nokia's mapping services.

Under the terms of the agreement, Microsoft will pay EUR 3.79 billion to purchase substantially all of Nokia's Devices & Services business, and EUR 1.65 billion to license Nokia's patents, for a total transaction price of EUR 5.44 billion in cash. Microsoft will draw upon its overseas cash resources to fund the transaction.

(Timeline: Nokia's journey: From 'Gorba' to Microsoft)

Here is the email that CEO Steve Ballmer sent to Microsoft employees explaining the way forward.

From: Steve Ballmer

To: MS FTEs

Date: Sep. 2, 8:00 PM PDT (Sep. 3, 6:00 AM EET)

Subject: Accelerating Growth

We announced some exciting news today: We have entered into an agreement to purchase Nokia's Devices & Services business, which includes their smartphone and mobile phone businesses, their award-winning design team, manufacturing and assembly facilities around the world, and teams devoted to operations, sales, marketing and support.

For Microsoft, this is a bold step into the future and the next big phase of the transformation we announced on July 11.

We are very excited about the proposal to bring the best mobile device efforts of Microsoft and Nokia together. Our Windows Phone partnership over the past two and half years has yielded incredible work - the stunning Lumia 1020 is a great example. Our partnership has also yielded incredible growth. In fact, Nokia Windows Phones are the fastest-growing phones in the smartphone market.

Now is the time to build on this momentum and accelerate our share and profits in phones. Clearly, greater success with phones will strengthen the overall opportunity for us and our partners to deliver on our strategy to create a family of devices and services for individuals and businesses that empower people around the globe at home, at work and on the go, for the activities they value most.

We have laid out Microsoft's strategic rationale for this transaction in a presentation that I encourage you to read.

This is a smart acquisition for Microsoft, and a good deal for both companies. We are receiving incredible talent, technology and IP. We've all seen the amazing work that Nokia and Microsoft have done together.

Given our long partnership with Nokia and the many key Nokia leaders that are joining Microsoft, we expect a smooth transition and great execution.

As is always the case with an acquisition, the first priority is to keep driving through close, which we expect in the first quarter of 2014, following approval by Nokia's shareholders, regulatory approvals, and other closing conditions.

But I also know people will have some questions about what happens post-close. While details aren't final, here is what we know, and how we're generally approaching integration:

1. Stephen Elop will be coming back to Microsoft, and he will lead an expanded Devices team, which includes all of our current Devices and Studios work and most of the teams coming over from Nokia, reporting to me.
2. Julie Larson-Green will continue to run the Devices and Studios team, and will be focused on the big launches this fall including Xbox One and our Surface enhancements. Julie will be joining Stephen's team once the acquisition closes, and will work with him to shape the new organization.
3. As part of the acquisition, a number of key engineering leaders will be joining Microsoft from Nokia, reporting to Stephen in his new capacity:

   - Jo Harlow, who will continue to lead the Smart Devices team

   - Timo Toikkanen, who will continue to lead the Mobile Phones team

   - Stefan Pannenbecker, who will lead Design

   • Juha Putkiranta, who will lead the integration effort on Nokia's behalf
4. Regarding the sales team, we plan to keep the Nokia field team, led by Chris Weber, intact and as the nexus of the devices sales effort, so that we can continue to build sales momentum. After the deal closes, Chris and his team will be placed under Kevin Turner. We will develop a single integrated team that is selling to operators, and there may be other integration opportunities that we can pursue. Kevin will work with Chris Weber and Chris Capossela to make those plans.
5. Our operating system team under Terry Myerson will continue unchanged, with a mission of supporting both first-party and third-party hardware innovation. We are committed to working with partners, helping them build great products and great businesses on our platform, and we believe this deal will increase our partner value proposition over time. The established rhythms and ways of working between Terry and his team and the incoming Nokia team will serve us well to ensure that we do not disrupt our building momentum.
6. We are planning to integrate all global marketing under Tami Reller and Mark Penn. It is very important that we pursue a unified brand and advertising strategy as soon as possible.
7. Finance, Legal, HR, Communications, DX / Evangelism, Customer Care and Business Development will integrate functionally at Microsoft. Sourcing, customer logistics and supply chain will be part of Stephen's Devices organization. ICM / IT will also integrate functionally for traditional IT roles. We will need to work through the implications for factory systems given the differing manufacturing processes and systems at both Nokia and Microsoft.
8. We plan to pursue a single set of supporting services for our devices, and we will figure out how to combine the great Nokia efforts into our Microsoft services as we go through the integration process.
9. There are no significant plans to shift where work is done in the world as we integrate, so we expect the Nokia teams to stay largely in place, geographically.
10. Tom Gibbons will lead the integration work for Microsoft.

While today's announcement is big news, we have to stay heavily focused on running the current business. We have a huge fall and holiday season ahead of us, so we need to execute flawlessly and continue to drive our business forward. I have no doubt we will.

Steve

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BIJNOR: BY AKSHAY CHAUDHARY (A2305412301)

Bijnor is a district of Uttar Pradesh in India.

Also written as bijnaur, occupies the north-west corner of the Moradabad Division in the Uttar Pradesh. The western boundary is formed by the streams of the river Ganga, beyond which lies the four districts of Dehradun, Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar and Meerut. To the north and north-east is Garhwal, which runs from Haridwar along the foot of the Himalayas to Ramanagara, Haldwani and Tanakpur. This road, is called as the Kandi Saradk. On the east is the Phika river , separating this district from Nainital and Moradabad; and to the south lie the Thakurdwara, Amroha, and Hasanpur tehsils of Moradabad, the boundary being determined by its natural features.

Historically district Bijnor is related to Mahabharat due to presence Vidur kuti in Bijnori which lie at a distance of 12 km from Bijnor.Born of a maid-servant and fathered by Mahrishi Vyasa, the author of the Vedas and the Puranas, Indian myths have it that Vidur was none other than the reincarnation of the Dharmaraja Yama, the God of Death. A half-brother to Pandu (father of the Pandavas) and Dhritharashtra (father of the Kauravas), Vidur spent his rest of life after dispute with Duryodhan. This is the place where Lord Krishana visited. Kanva Ashram is an ashram in broken condition near Rawli town according to the great legend "Abhigyan Shakuntalam". Hastinapur’s King Dushyant reached there while hunting and fell in love with Shakuntala at first sight. During mahabharat when the battle between Kauravas and Pandavas was about to begin, then on the request of both the sides, all wives and children were to be guardianed by Mahatma Vidur. He had no sufficient space for their living then he decided an exclusive area for ladies and children, which is now known as Daranagar.Daranagar was established on the bank of ganga river. Ganj is 12 km from District HQ and just 1 km from Daranagar on the banks of the Ganges. There are ancient temples and ashrams.

Bridge of Bairaj-  It is also called as "Madhya Ganga Barrage" constructed in 1984. Earlier there was no bridge at Ganga and a temporary boat-bridge was built in winter season every year and that used to be only link with Meerut and Muzaffarnagar. Construction of this barrage has greatly facilitated the journey to Muzaffarnagar, Meerut and Delhi. People come here with some religious point of view on the day of ganga snan and for kids its the perfect place as it is approximately 13 km from city so they come here and enjoy .

TFT and AMOLED Technology. By Vidharshu Ray A2325312026

                                   TFT

Short for thin film transistor, a type of LCD flat-panel display screen, in which each pixel is controlled by from one to four transistors. The TFT technology provides the best resolution of all the flat-panel techniques, but it is also the most expensive. TFT screens are sometimes called active-matrix LCDs. A thin film transistor comprises :

a semiconductor layer

a gate insulating layer

a gate electrode

The semiconductor layer is typically a polysilicon layer whose electron mobility is 100 times higher than that of an amorphous silicon layer. Thin film transistors are used as switching devices in flat display panels such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) or liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

• Types of TFT:-

           IPS - in-plane switching.

           MVA - multi-domain vertical alignment

           VA - patterned vertical alignment

           CPA - Continuous Pinwheel Alignment

• Advantages of using it:-

            1.Can be used as electrodes, or channel layers.

            2.High field effect mobility : 10 ~ 5

            3.Large area deposition.

            4.Rapid Process.

            5.Low cost.

            6.Low leakage current.

                                  

                                           AMOLED

It stands for Active Matrix OLED, is a hybrid display technology that pairs the active matrix backplane from a traditional TFT display with an OLED display. As a result of their active matrix natures, AMOLED displays have faster pixel switching response times than do traditional OLED displays, which are prone to ghosting when displaying fast moving animations.

• Advantages

Higher image resolution. Richer and more vibrant colors. AMOLED uses less voltage, and devices employing AMOLED technology have better battery life. AMOLED also manages to save battery by turning off pixels to display black pixels in an image. The displays are thinner and lighter than LCD or LED.

• Disadvantages

The current market for AMOLED devices is almost exclusively in handheld electronics due to the manufacturing difficulties associated with creating larger displays. For instance, making AMOLD available for larger flat screen televisions would require and overhaul in the manufacturing process of the back panels.

• How AMOLED works?

By employing an active matrix to control a system of OLED nodes, each being assigned an individual pixel in the display. The matrix is applied to a back panel, called a Thin Film Transistor, which regulates to flow of electrons to each individual pixel. The back panel is made of polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon. Two back panel layers will typically be employed; one acting as a voltage source and the other as a capacitor. The flow from layer to layer can be individually regulated, so for instance, a given pixel can shut itself off to render black.

Abhishek Kaushik A2325312028

Android vs Windows: Think twice before buying a Windows Phone

Windows Phone or Android – This question always pops in the mind of any die hard Microsoft fan. “Should I go with my ever loving Microsoft brand or should I jump on the new bandwagon Android” – You can either keep buying emotionally or you can analyze the real facts listed in this post and judge for yourself. This post slices and dices the true facts of Windows phone (which was previously called as windows mobile) vs. Android using credible artifacts.Choosing the right mobile OS is, as important as, choosing OS for your PC. Choosing wrong mobile OS may lead you to disappointment in using the hardware, apps and different features of your mobile to the fullest.Think twice or even thrice or even more before you choose the right OS so that you don’t regret your decision later. This article will help you to choose between android and windows mobile phones. 1. IntroductionAs you might know, Windows Phone OS is developed by Microsoft. It replaced previous Windows OS mobile platform. It was first released in October 2010 in Asia.With Windows Phone, Microsoft has created new user interface called as metro design. More over this OS can be integrated with the third party application so that user can create application and make money.Android is a Linux-based operating system mostly used in smart phones that has touchscreen and also used in tablet computers. Initially Android was developed by Android, Inc., which was later bought by Google in 2005. Andy Rubin is the guy behind AndroidAndroid is open source software that allows anyone to freely modify and distribute using permitted license. Moreover, Android has a lot of apps that are written primarily to attract consumers. As of March 2013, there are approximately 7 million apps available to download in Google Play. It billion by June 2013Android has a smartphone market share of 53.4% (As of December 2012) and around 500 million Android mobile devices get activated every single day.2. InterfaceLock screen:Lock screen of Windows can play different apps at the background, numeric password and notification of different apps. Latest Android version has unlock by swiping to the right and also other applications can be opened by swiping left. It also has a notification of different apps when user swipes the mobile from the top.Opening Screen:As we enter the Start screen of a windows mobile, you can find set of live tiles similar to a checkerboard. Windows interface avoids list of icons and replaced with live tiles. These live tiles give live information or feeds from different applications. It is different when compared with the old trendy icons. However, the notification system in windows is not effective as Android. You will not be able to see the exact notification when the screen is locked as in Android. Another big annoyance in windows interface is multi-tasking. One needs to press the back button to view the list of recently opened items. Upon clicking any recently opened app, the user will not be taken to the point where to left previously!In one line, windows interface is simple but not impressive. It’s different but not up to the mark!3. AppsAt present Windows has more than 150,000 apps. If we compare this statistics with android, Windows is no way near to android. Currently android has around 8 Million   apps.It is always not only the quantity; quality of available apps matter the most. Many top apps are still missing in Windows. For example:  Instagram, Viber, Pinterest, HootSuite, Runkeeper, Google+, Spotify are completely missing in Windows. Further, some apps, like YouTube, are just pointers to the mobile sites. People who moved from Android to Windows claims that they are not satisfied with windows apps at all.Windows Phone App: 160,000+ (via wpcentral as of June 2013)Android Google Play : 800,000+ (via Rssphone as of January 2013)When it comes to app, android obviously wins the race at ease.4. Mobile OptionsAndroid is open source software. It offers high flexibility. Android has been offered by multiple device manufacturers like Samsung, Sony-Ericsson, Motorola, HTC etc. These different mobile manufactures are competing each other on price, quality, features, specifications etc., to attract customers. Not surprising that Android has 53.4 percent share of the global Smartphone market! Depending on your budget and features, one might have lot of options to choose when it comes to Android operating system.On the other hand, windows mobile has been offered by only few manufacturers with limited handsets.5. IDE (Integrated Development Environment)How a mobile O.S appeals to developers is also an important factor. To start developing applications for Windows Phone 8, you will need to use the Visual Studio 2012 Express for Windows Phone. Although this IDE is free, the requirement to use Visual Studio 2012 Express for Windows Phone is a little bit difficult. More still, you’d need to meet the hardware and OS requirements. This means that you will need to have Windows 8 desktop operating system, and a computer that supports hardware virtualization to develop an application for Windows Phone 8. Additionally, you need to have the special enterprise version of windows 8, not to forget that it must be the x64 version. Well, most older PCs don’t support hardware virtualization, and most of us are still comfortable with Windows 7.To develop an android application, a developer just needs to download open source eclipse, and the Android SDK. Without going into more scrutiny, it is evident that Microsoft is making it a little harder for new developers to join and contribute their ingenuity to the community.6. CostYes, cost. Think about it, by definition, android is a open source community. By definition, this means that you get a lot of free goodies by just owning an android device. On the other hand, it is unlikely that you’ll be getting a lot of free applications as developers have to pay more to create accounts on the Windows Phone marketplace. Also, the fact that dozens of hardware manufacturers’ support produce android devices as opposed to just the few who make windows mobile O.S compatible devices means that you generally buy cheaper on android. While there are a wide variety of low end mobile phones and tablets running android, Windows mobile O.S currently only runs in a few high end devices. 7. Notification CenterAndroid boasts detailed notifications, including music controls, toggles, etc. On the other hand, Windows Phone 8 mobile operating system does not provide a central notification centre, which means users can only access controls from the home screen through live tiles.8. Password Protect ResetAndroid has a provision to protect devices when stolen. If at all an android device is stolen, the password protection can help keep unauthorized users from accessing the phone, and more specifically personal data. Windows mobile operating system has no feature to protect stolen phones.9. File Handling & Flash SupportWhat happens when you want to play that favorite video you have got on your desktop right from your smartphone? Well, while android offers support for multiple file formats, Windows Phone does not. So if you get that interesting .dv video file from a friend, you can just play it on your android phone, but not on your Nokia Lumia 920 or any other Windows Phone for that matter. Most file formats will work with the Windows Phone when imported from a device running the proprietary Microsoft OS. Some of us still love Linux based open-source operating systems, so this doesn’t do you any good. And without making a lot of arbitrary dots, let’s remember that while Apple was always advocating for a closed system, Microsoft has always been against such.Android offers flash support, but Windows Phone just won’t. Why? The argument is that flash on mobile is dead. Well, you can’t just tell all those content providers out there on the World Wide Web to switch to HTML 5 so that you may access their contents on your windows Phone.